American International Journal of Business and Management Studies
Aims and Scope American International Journal of Business and Management Studies is a Double-Blind Peer-Reviewed Refereed International Journal. The initiative is the result of close cooperation between "American Center of Science and Education" and "American Business and Management Society [Affiliated Societies]". The journal is published in both print and online versions. The journal accepts article submissions by e-mail (aijbms@acseusa.org). Key Topics: Global Business Decision-making Process, Criteria, Principles, Models Business Law and Business Ethics Business Administration and Business Economics General Management Firm Strategy and Market Performance Organizational Behavior and Theory Organization Studies Human Resource Management Strategic Management Production and Operations Management Information Technology Management Company’s Aims, Organization, and Behavior Personnel Management, Conflicts, Negotiations Technological Changes Management and Economic Development Management Industries Management Structure and Scope of Government Social Issues and Public Policy International Institutional Arrangements, Contracts, Security, Conflicts Public Administration and Relevant Subjects. Subject Area – Business, Management and Accounting. Subject Category – General Business, Management and Accounting (1400); Business and International Management (1403); Strategy and Management (1408). Subject Area – Decision Sciences. Subject Category – Information Systems and Management (1802).
American Center of Science and Education
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A PYTHON-BASED HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: A COMPREHENSIVE TOOL FOR ROOM RESERVATION, PAYMENT, AND ADMINISTRATION
The hotel industry faces challenges related to manual management processes, which can lead to inefficiencies and errors in operations such as booking, payment processing, and administrative tasks. To address these challenges, there is a growing demand for automated systems to streamline operations and improve overall efficiency. This study investigates the design and implementation of a Python-based Hotel Management System built using the Django framework and MySQL database. The system is developed to handle essential hotel operations, including room booking, payment processing, and general management, while ensuring scalability, security, and usability. The research follows a software development approach based on functional and non-functional requirements, with a focus on unit, integration, functional, and security testing to ensure the system’s reliability and performance. Key features of the system include real-time booking functionality, secure payment processing, and authenticated user access for administrators and customers. The results reveal that the system effectively reduces operational errors, enhances the user experience for both hotel administrators and guests, and improves overall operational efficiency. The system also supports secure financial transactions and simplifies hotel management tasks through an intuitive interface. The findings suggest that the Python-based Hotel Management System provides an effective solution for automating hotel operations. It offers a scalable, secure, and user-friendly platform, optimizing both management and customer-facing tasks while improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of hotel operations. JEL Classification Codes: O14.
Original Articles/Review Articles/Case Reports/Short Communications
Hotel, Management, User, Dashboard, Python-Django, Payment, Administration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahfuz Alam , Md Shafiqur Rahman , Mir Araf Hossain Rivin , Md Borhan Uddin , Mir Mohtasam Hossain Sizan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RISK AND OPPORTUNITY MANAGEMENT IN MEP PROJECT-BASED COMPANIES AND ITS IMPACT ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
The board is crucial for MEP project-based organizations to progress. Gamble the board prevents cost overruns and project delays, while opportunity the executives capitalize on excellent opportunities. Chance administration in Pakistan's growth is the study's main focus, and Chance mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) management in project board in Pakistani development is reviewed. The evaluation included several hundred development (MEP) projects from Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad Pakistan's five largest cities with active development and large investments. Surveys are sent to company managers via group inspection, and 250 responses are received mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) projects management. Data is analyzed using Savvy PLS's structured condition presentation. Business performance is connected to the board systems that are based on proven evidence, evaluation, checking and helped the construction project succeed. Risk executives' methods fundamentally and well affected job completion, according to the assessment. Understanding executive risk valuation is much better. The results reveal that that in terms of genuine development projects, an efficiency study may present a fuller picture of risk the board in various enterprises. The practice of conducting systematic audits to assess the philosophy of writing is rarely employed in the execution of executive projects and risk analysis. The results revealed that the effective mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) performance of the board tactics is in improving project execution in Pakistan. The exploratory approach is employed to integrate previous studies on risk management executives and the implementation of business ventures in the field of development. JEL Classification Codes: G32.
Risk Management, MEP Business Performance, Construction Industry, Risk Evaluation, PLS Model.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Awais Javed , Ali Hassan , Usman Latif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF COMMUNICATION IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
As steam engines were introduced and the Industrial Age began, Mesopotamian manufacturing processes underwent significant changes. The mechatronics business is now experiencing a technological boom, thanks to recent breakthroughs in the internet, cellphones, electronics, nanotechnology, healthcare, digital applications, and other related technologies. Robotics and artificial intelligence were prominent topics during the last World Economic Forum, with major economists such as Stiglitz and Roubini making significant contributions to the discussion. The objective of the study is to determine the impact of artificial intelligence on communication sources related to business. The purpose of the research is also to find the answers of the following questions: How well do professionals know and use artificial intelligence? What influence does artificial intelligence have on communication management, say experts? What challenges do professionals face with artificial intelligence communication? What threats do the artificial intelligence use they see? The study has used the data set of a quantitative cross-national survey of 2375 European communication professionals. The study has applied the One-way ANOVA analysis with post-hoc Scheffé, Kendall rank correlation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Pearson's chi-square tests. The results show that communication managers have driven artificial intelligence implementation and educate themselves and their workforce. There is a significant positive relationship between the use of artificial intelligence and business communication sources. The results the artificial intelligence has make a lot of improvement in communications systems and shows how the experts evaluate the technology. Research indicates that individuals employed in the field of communication have a limited understanding of artificial intelligence, although they possess a higher level of anticipation regarding its influence on their profession compared to its impact on their personal life. JEL Classification Codes: M10, M15.
Artificial Intelligence, Communication Transformation, Quantitative Analysis, Workforce Education, Communication Business European Communication Professionals .
Copyright (c) 2024 Mir Mohtasam Hossain Sizan , Bizary Prava Mondal , Md Rafiqul Islam , Md Rashed Buiya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFICIENCY INFLUENCE OF AGENCIES ON CONTROLLING MONEY LAUNDERING IN BANGLADESH
Money laundering has emerged as a global concern in recent times, impacting both affluent and developing nations. Among emerging economies, Bangladesh faces pronounced challenges in addressing financial illicit activities due to its lenient regulatory framework and unstable financial sector. The Bangladesh Central Bank issues guidelines to streamline the implementation of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. To ensure the stability and security of their institutions, financial entities are required to devise anti-money laundering policies in accordance with the stipulations of the Bangladesh Bank. This study centres on assessing the effectiveness of sanctioned organizations in countering money laundering. The research delves into the latest transformations in financial wrongdoing from the Bangladeshi context. It thoroughly explores strategies to prevent money laundering and other financial offences through enhanced efficiency. Presently, money laundering constitutes a complex and evolving criminal activity, with perpetrators constantly devising novel tactics to undermine the financial system. The study will advance the discussion of the influence of combatting the efficiency of authorized agencies to fight against money laundering in Bangladesh. JEL Classification Codes: K42.
Money Laundering, Efficiency, Financial Crime, Agencies, Bangladesh Context.
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohammad Ali Mia , Kamisah Supian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EMPOWERING ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE VITAL ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOMALIA
This study investigates how microfinance might help Somalia's unemployment rate decline. In many developing nations, microfinance has been acknowledged as a powerful tool for reducing poverty and fostering economic growth. The impact of microfinance on Somalia's unemployment rate is examined in this essay. Widespread acceptance of microfinance as a technique for reducing poverty and promoting economic growth in developing nations. The high unemployment rate in Somalia has posed a significant obstacle to the nation's economic development and social stability. This study looks at how microfinance could encourage small business growth and entrepreneurship in Somalia while lowering unemployment rates. The study looks at the difficulties faced by Somalia's microfinance organizations and how they affect efforts to lower unemployment. Additionally, it explores the connection between microfinance and job creation as well as the ways in which it might encourage entrepreneurship and the growth of small businesses. According to the study's findings, microfinance has the potential to significantly contribute to lowering Somalia's unemployment rate by facilitating access to capital, encouraging entrepreneurship, and generating employment possibilities. Yet, overcoming the difficulties faced by microfinance institutions in Somalia, such as poor infrastructure, a lack of regulatory framework, and political instability, is essential to the success of microfinance in lowering unemployment. JEL Classification Codes: G32, F65, L66, L25, M41.
Microfinance, Job Creation, Unemployment, Small Business, Entrepreneurship.
Copyright (c) 2022 Abdullah Al Masum, Md. Eqtedar Ul Hoque, Anowar Ullah, Abdikhaliq Dahir Ayanle, Miftahul Zannat Hridoye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INVESTIGATING THE DETERMINANTS OF MOBILE HEALTH APPS ADOPTION AMONG ELDERLY CITIZENS IN BANGLADESH
In this modern era, healthcare services are provided through technology, one of which is m-health apps. As a developing country, Bangladesh pursues to offer healthcare facilities to its citizen by using modern technology. However, IT adoption is different among younger and older generations, and several factors impact the adoption intention. This research aims to investigate determinants influencing elderly citizens of Bangladesh to adopt m-health apps. This study applies PLS (Partial Least Squares) statistical technique based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to achieve research objectives. A quantitative research methodology approach was adopted, and a structured questionnaire was disseminated to the 112 target respondents. Purposive random sampling technique was used in this study. The underpinning theory used in this research endeavor is the UTAUT model (Unified Theory on Acceptance and Use of Technology), incorporating several variables such as the quality of m-health apps, perceived risk, and cost. The findings demonstrate that social influence and app quality have a significant positive impact on older people's willingness to adopt m-health apps. In addition, the behavioral intention of users and actual usage behavior have a significant positive association. By extending the UTAUT model with some rationally related variables, this research has contributed to the ICT of the healthcare profession. M-health app providers need to consider improving the features of apps as the quality of apps is regarded as a critical criterion for users. JEL Classification Codes: G91, F14, L11.
M-Health Apps, UTAUT Model, Perceived Risk, Social Influence, Healthcare Profession.
Copyright (c) 2022 Hamida Akhter , Md. Arif Hossain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRIORITIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING BANK EMPLOYEES RETENTION AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRODUCTIVITY: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Employee retention is vital for every organization, especially in the banking sector, for a nation's growing economy. Banking institutions are the platform for the economic growth of a country. The main objective of this study is to find out the influencing factors of employee retention and its impact on employee performance in the financial sector of Bangladesh. This research is qualitative and exploratory in nature, where data have been collected from secondary sources like published articles and renowned journals, including Scopus Database, Springer, ABS, Google Scholar, Emerald, and research gate. From extensive literature, it is assumed that career development, training and development, job satisfaction, attractive compensation package, employee voice, and transformational leadership positively impact employee retention, and employee retention has a significant relationship with employee performance. The organisation's management can make policies and redesign the work on the basis of the factors presented in this paper, which would lead to a happy workforce. This study will be of value to anyone seeking a better understanding of employee retention to improve employee performance and organizational productivity. JEL Classification Codes: M10, M12.
Employee Retention, Productivity, Training and Development, Employee Voice, Attractive Compensation, Job Satisfaction, Career Development.
Copyright (c) 2022 Fatema Tuj Johra Tania , Sakib Uddin Kowser https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSESSMENT OF MICRO INSURANCE AS AN EMERGING MICROFINANCE FOR THE POOR: A STUDY ON SOMALIA
This research aims to determine whether microinsurance could take the role of conventional microfinance for the underprivileged in Somalia. The current situation of micro-insurance in Somalia is examined in this study, along with the difficulties encountered and the potential for development. The study also investigates how the poor view micro-insurance and whether they are willing to use this financial tool. The outcomes of this paper will aid in shaping future micro-insurance programs that are more successful by shedding light on the viability of using it to help Somalia's poor gain financial inclusion. The study examined how micro-insurance affects the poor's access to the financial system and risk management skills. The non-probabilistic sampling method is used to conduct the study, including a literature review, stakeholder interviews, and surveys of clients. The results of this study will help researchers better understand how microinsurance may be used in Somalia to promote financial inclusion and fight poverty. The findings will also help policymakers and practitioners to figure out the best strategy for utilizing micro insurance’s potential to lessen poverty and encourage financial inclusion among the underprivileged in Somalia. JEL Classification Codes: G21, G22.
Copyright (c) 2022 Md Al-Imran , Md Salim Chowdhury , Abdikhaliq Dahir Ayanle , Abdullah Al Masum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DOES MARKETING CAPABILITIES MEDIATE ON THE ICT’S ADOPTION AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF THE SMEs IN OMAN? CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
The main purpose is to review the empirical evidence and summarize the marketing capabilities' mediating effects on the adoption of ICTs and business performance of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Oman and develop a conceptual framework. Data were collected from the existing literature from different online sources. The study review findings revealed a significant gap in the literature regarding the full understanding of the simultaneous relationship among ICTs, marketing innovation, and business performance in SMEs. Most studies have concentrated on analyzing and discussing only one or two of these phenomena at a time. However, the other studies that have examined the simultaneous relationship among the three variables mentioned above have generally ignored the component of marketing capabilities, focusing instead on the idea of innovation in its broader sense. The present study findings also establish a lack of or insufficient empirical studies that broadly examine the contribution of ICTs adoption among SMEs and its effect on companies’ capabilities, such as marketing capabilities, and consequently its effect on business performance, especially in developing countries. Therefore, the present study is motivated to develop a conceptual framework for measuring the mediating effect of the marketing capabilities, ICTs adoption and business performance of SMEs in Oman one of the developing countries. JEL Classification Codes: M31.
ICTs Adoption, Marketing Capabilities, SMEs, Business Performance, Oman.
Copyright (c) 2022 Nasser Saif Al Busaidi , Abul Bashar Bhuiyan , Norhayah Zulkifli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DOES INDIVIDUAL ATTRIBUTES MATTERS ON THE EMPLOYABILITY READINESS AMONG ENGINEERING GRADUATES IN THE HIGH EDUCATION INSTITUTES IN OMAN
The aim of this study is to examine the effects individual attributes on the Employability Readiness among engineering graduates of the High Education Institutes in Oman. The study adopted self-directed structured questionnaire which was distributed to a sample of engineering students and graduates from a number of colleges and universities. The study used the structural equation modelling (SEM) for analysing the collected data. The findings of the statistical analysis of the study showed the most influential individual attributes on graduates’ readiness for employability are workshop attendance that affect the attainment of the technical skills of the graduates, family motivations, and graduates’ career orientations that help graduates to identify future career requirements and future career opportunities, and graduates’ personal learning targets. Also, class attendance, academic excellence, financial sources, and parents’ career position showed high important effects as well. The findings of this attribute which consist of the individual attributes of personnel’s’ values, attitudes, abilities, and work-life balance enhance the graduates attainment of the adaptability and flexibility attributes for their future readiness for employability. Therefore, study findings showed Individual attributes factor has high influence on the Readiness for Employability of the graduates in Oman. Finally, the study’s implementations and recommendations could be transferred to the Gulf and Arab or other countries’ contexts having similar settings of HE systems and similar issues of skills gap and employability concern of their graduates.
Individual Attributes, Employability Readiness, Engineering Graduates, High Education Institutes, Oman
Copyright (c) 2021 Masoud Rashid Al Hinai, Abul Bashar Bhuiyan, Nor Azilah Husin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL ATTRIBUTES ON THE EMPLOYABILITY READINESS AMONG ENGINEERING GRADUATES IN THE HIGH EDUCATION INSTITUTE’S IN OMAN
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of human capital attributes on the employability readiness of the engineering graduates of the High Education Institutes in Oman. The study adopted self-directed structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of engineering students and graduates from a number of colleges and universities. The study used the structural equation modelling (SEM) for analysing the collected data. The findings of the statistical analysis of the study showed that Omani graduates signify professional ethics and morality, teamwork including respecting others, cooperating, negotiating, persuading, and contributing to discussions, Communication skills including listening and questioning, Capacity for lifelong learning including openness to new ideas, Creative thinking of the ability to develop and apply appropriate solutions, and Problem solving skills of the ability to analyse facts and situations as the top required skills of Readiness for Employability. Specifically, study findings showed Human capital attributes factor has high influence on the Readiness for Employability of the graduates in Oman. Finally, the study’s implementations and recommendations could be transferred to the Gulf and Arab or other countries’ contexts having similar settings of HE systems and similar issues of skills gap and employability concern of their graduates.
Human Capital Attributes, Employability Readiness, Engineering Graduates, High Education Institutes, Oman.
APPLICATION OF SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF MAIZBHANDARI TARIQA ON BUSINESS ETHICS FOR SME’S SUSTAINABILITY IN FATIKCHARI, BANGLADESH
Ethical awareness is vital for business organizations to gain the trust of customers and the sustenance of business. Inner purification is a prerequisite for developing ethical personification, thus, helping an individual demonstrate the culmination of morality. At the same time, we need to transform self-purification into organizational behaviour. In this case, Usul-e-Sab’a (the seven principles) originated by “Khatam ul Awliya '' Gauth al-Azam Hazrat Maulana Shah Sufi Syed Ahmad Ullah (R.) can play a vital role. The seven principles’ methods can assist the business community to bring business sustenance through awakening morality and ethics. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to bring sustainability in the business and in the organizational behaviour through Usul-e-Sab’a (the seven principles) which is an effective method of self-purification and also the attainment of morality. In order to draw an effective result, the exploratory research design has been applied. For collecting data, a survey questionnaire was developed and was administered to the chosen traders. The findings of the study show business sustainability of those SME traders have been increased who practice ethics for their business. The study will assist the trader’s community, in general, to build up a moral life and organize their business with honesty and integrity.
Usul-e-Saba’h, Self-Purification, Business Ethics, Business Sustainability, SME.
Copyright (c) 2021 Shahjada Syed Irfanul Hoque, Muhammad Muhi Uddin, Muhammad Ali Asgor, Mejbaul Alam Bhuiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WORLD TRADE AFTER COVID-19 PANDEMIC SHOCK – RECOVERY OR STAGNATION?
Globalization has shorten the world & make the life easier. It also results liberalization of trade. Hence, world trade or global trade acts as a coordinator of foreign trade of different countries. Due to the behavioral and structural position, world trade is also responsible for spreading crises and infectious diseases. Nowadays the world is facing a perilous situation for worldwide spreading of COVID-19 pandemic. The acceleration of this pandemic causes the deceleration of the normal life of the nations. The leaders of most of the countries implement restrictive policies to protect their citizens from this pandemic, i.e., lockdown, travel restrictions. Consequently, COVID-19 produces an economic impact through the interruptions of personal income, world trade, and demand & supply chain. After the last financial crisis 2008-09, the world is again facing a destructive fall in world trade. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of world trade during COVID-19 and the present situation of this whether it is in stagnation or recovery. The paper uses secondary data from different journals, websites, newspapers and blogs for analysis purposes. This paper concludes that the world merchandise trade’s recovery is stronger than the world services trade. The reasons for sluggish world services trade is the restricted international travels & tourisms. There is no equal merchandise trade recovery for all the countries. Some countries are winners & some are losers.
World trade, COVID-19, financial crisis, Globalization.
Copyright (c) 2021 Marzina Akhter https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GREEN BANKING: AN INDISPENSABLE STEP FOR THE BANK TO SAVE OUR ENVIRONMENT
This research aims at keeping our planet safe which we are harming day by day by the advancement of modern civilization. In modern age, we are now vastly dependent on bank sector for our important activities. As a result, banks in Bangladesh are performing digitalize and effective activities to maintain a sound economy due to emphasize public services for profits. In this study the authors found that profit should not be earned at the expense of the world's most pressing environmental problem which can be caused a climate change through global warming. Western countries have already thought out of the box and introduced green banking for sustainable development. Sampling framed and statistical tools used by researchers and reveals that green banking (GB) is not only corporate social responsibility (CSR) but also in broader sense of corporate environmental responsibility (CER). It also explains the main objective of green banking is to keep the world livable without any significant damage. Specifically, we already have seen the light. But we have to adopt this idea for all commercial Bank either public or private.
Green Banking, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Environmental Responsibility, Sustainable development, Global warming.
Copyright (c) 2021 Noorjahan Begum, Md. Mazharul Islam Bhuiyan, Nushrat Hashmi, Nayan Kumar Sadhu, Md. Ali Imran, Abu Obida Rahid, Ikbal Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Role of Women Director on Productivity Performance: A Study on Listed Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh
Efficiency measurement and productivity performance analysis now become a point of interest for many researchers'. Because it is established that efficient and productive banks could ensure superior performance by achieving the objective of wealth maximization. Board of Directors issues have also become an integral part of corporate governance studies. This study is conducted to know the bank efficiency and productivity change for the representation of women directors on board. This study examines the productivity and efficiency performance of twenty-two (22) listed private commercial banks in Bangladesh based on the Malmquist Productivity Index (Total Factor Productivity) over the period of 2007 to 2016. A low degree of relationship found between women directors representation in a board and productivity performance. But, there are significant differences found in productivity performance among the different generation banks.
Women Director, Productivity Changes, Malmquist Productivity Index, Total Factor Productivity, Bank Performance.
Copyright (c) 2020 Naznin Sultana Chaity, Parul Akhter, Rifat Parveen Bokhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the Influences of Employees Training and Development on Organizational Performance of Deposit Money Banks
The aim of this study was to empirically examine the association between staff training& development and Organizational performance of deposit money banks in Rivers State. The study applied cross sectional survey design in structured questionnaire to collect data from 66 personnel of designated positions of any accessible branch of the 22 deposit money banks. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient tool was employed with the help of SPSS Version 21.0, in statistically analyzing data. Results revealed that staff training and development have positive and significant relationship with organizational performance. Consequently, the study concludes that staff training and development are strategic assets in equipping employees with the necessary tools to improve productivity. The research recommends that banks that want to improve productivity are encouraged to invest more on staff training and development; particularly mentoring and job orientation.
Employee Training, Development, Organizational Performance, Money Deposit Banks.
Copyright (c) 2020 Obabuike Ikeni Nkpurukwe, Jonathan Peter Ozah, Andy Fred Wali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Factors Affecting Supplier Relationship Management in the Food Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Dares Salaam Tanzania
The Tanzanian food industry is one of the most critical sectors in the country. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the largest processors of food. Although SMEs mostly deal with processing food, they still face challenges, especially with their suppliers. Though previous researchers have investigated partnership issues in SMEs, little has been reported on the factors that impact the supplier relationships found in food manufacturing SMEs. This study employed a qualitative design where semi-structured interviews with 13 experts were conducted to identify the factors that impede SRM in Dar es Salaam. The findings reveal that poor relationship management, poor storage facilities, poor transportation and inadequate production capacities are the main challenges affecting SRM within these firms. To overcome these challenges, it has been recommended to improve the supplier relationships through being transparent, fostering trust and sharing quality information with the suppliers on time. Furthermore, investment in technology has been recommended to reduce costs and to enhance the information sharing between suppliers and SMEs. Government support is required with regard to financial aid and the improvement in the infrastructure to facilitate the easier flow of goods from SMEs to the customers.
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM), Food Processing, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Supply Chain Management (SCM).
Copyright (c) 2020 Jesca Mhoja Nkwabi, Julia Fallon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human Resources Management Factors as Determinant of Quality of Work Life in UBA Plc
This Paper examined the role of HRM factors in achieving Quality of work life in the organization. The main objective of this paper therefore was to determine any significant relationship that main exist between HRM factors such as Engagement , Talent Management , Compensation, learning and development on the one hand and quality of work life on the other. The study adopted cross sectional design and employ survey as the research strategy to elicit responses from respondents in UBA PLC. The study employed the use of questionnaire as the main research instrument. It was revealed from the hypotheses tested that HRM factors are significantly related to work life balance, and therefore HRM factors are major determinants of quality of work life in the organization.
Quality of Work Life, Employee Engagement, Talent Management, Learning and Development, Compensation Policy.
Copyright (c) 2020 Elegbede Sikirulahi Tunde , Elegbede Olusegun Ibrahim , Bakare Rasaki Dayisi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Monetary Policies on the Exchange Rate and Global Trade Evidence from Ghana
The impact of monetary policies and their implementation by the exchange rate covered the economic condition of Ghana. The social inclusion and conversion factors change the implemented policies of nations, where the real price, trade, technology, a price rate, and price level of ratio take an important part of growth. The reform of the financial sector favors the free-floating of the exchange rate and global trade under the premise of flexible exchange rates. The tragedy of country growth and exchange rate toward a trajectory of growth with the growth-enhancing effect through social inclusion, conversion factors, price level ratio, exchange rate, merchant rate, export, and trade services. The research study is based on the secondary study and social inclusion equity indicators with public resources, building human resources and social protection for economic development has determined. Different evidence and trade indicators classify the monetary policies. The significant influence of growth and internal policies has affected trade and exchange rates with growth and reserve policies. The results have computed by linear regression and it proved that social inclusion and alternative conversion factors impact on global trade and create short term binary relationships.
Trade, Conversion Factors, Price Rate, Economic Growth.
Copyright (c) 2020 Rabnawaz Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Transforming Workers to Winners: Creating the High Performance Organizations
This analysis was carried out on the title of “Transforming Workers to Winners by Creating the High Performance Organizations”. The main aim of this article was to identify the factors that determine the continuous success of high performance organization. Then to get this objective the paper was organized into introduction, body & conclusion of the reviewed empirical data. Accordingly the empirical data was assessed and finally the conclusions drawn to show directions for business organizations how to make winners their employees.
Transforming Workers, Winners, High Performance Organizations.
Copyright (c) 2019 Negash Geleta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Determinants of Pro-Poor Growth: Evidence from Brazil
Pro-poor growth is good for poverty eradication if it can be achieved. Brazil is a good example of a country where growth was pro-poor between 1981 and 2014 but the pro-poor growth was reversed in 2015. The paper examined what led to pro-poor growth between 1981 and 2014 and what may have been responsible for the reversal in 2015. The dynamic ordinary least squares method was used to analyse Brazilian data from World Bank Development Indicators between 1981 and 2014 for the determinant of pro-poor growth. Regression analysis shows that job creation was responsible for the pro-poor growth between 1981 and 2014. Moreover, rise in unemployment rate in 2015 was responsible for the reversal in the pro-poor growth. The result has good policy implication for poverty and inequality reduction in Brazil.
Pro-poor, Pro-rich, Growth, Determinants, Brazil
Copyright (c) 2019 Joseph I. Amuka, Fredrick O. Asogwa, Anthony O. Agu, Chukwuma C. Ugwu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Non-Performing Loans on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria
The study examined the effect of Non-Performing Loans on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria between the periods of 1985 to 2016. The study employed the multiple regression techniques to analyze data collated from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) publications for various years. The result of the study shows that Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans ratio (NPL/TLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) had statistically negative significant effect on Return on Asset (ROA). These result shows that a high level of non-performing loans would reduce the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria. Consequently, the study recommends that the regulatory authorities in Nigeria should create and support an environment where commercial banks in Nigeria can have a strong risk management practices.
Non-Performing Loans, Return on Asset, Bank Financial Performance.
Copyright (c) 2019 Okoh Gabriel, Inim Ekemini Victor, Idachaba Odekina Innocent https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Deepening, Financial Intermediation and Nigerian Economic Growth: Time Variant Analysis
This study examines financial deepening, financial intermediation and Nigerian economic growth. The main purpose is to examine the relationship between financial deepening and Nigerian economic growth while the specific objectives are to examine the impact of interest rate, capital market development, rational savings, credit to private sector and broad money supply on the growth of Nigerian. Secondary data of the variables were sourced from the publications of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 1981-2017. Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as dependent variable while Broad money supply (M2), Credit to Private Sector (CPS), National Savings (NS), Capital Market Capitalization (CAMP) and Interest Rate (INTR) was used as independent variables. Multiple regressions with E-view statistical package were used as data analysis techniques. Cointegration test, Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Granger causality test was used to determine the relationship between the variable in the long-run and short-run. R2, F – statistics and β Coefficients were used to determine the extent to which the independent variable affects the dependent variable. It was found from the regression result that Broad Money Supply, credit to private sector have position effect on the growth of Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product while National Savings, Capitalization and Interest Rate on Nigeria Real Gross Domestic Product. The co-integration test revealed presence of long-run relationship among the variables, the stationary test indicated stationarity of the variables at level. The Granger Causality Test found bi – variant relationship from the dependent to the independent and from the independent to the dependent variables. The regression summary found 99.0% explained variation, 560.5031, F – statistics and probability of 0.00000. From the above, the study concludes that financial deepening has significant relationships with Nigerian economic growth. We recommend that government and the financial sector operators should make policies that will further deepen the functions of the financial system to enhance Nigerian economic growth.
Financial Deepening, Financial Intermediation, Nigerian Economic Growth, Time Variant Analysis
Copyright (c) 2019 Uzokwe Grace Onyinyechi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Debt Financing and Corporate Finance Performance: A Dynamic Investigation from Nigeria Quoted Firms
There are two components of corporate capital. This paper examined the effect of debt financing on the financial performance of quoted firms in Nigeria stock exchange using time series data from 2000-2017. The objective was to examine the controversial findings of scholars on the effect of capital structure on corporate performance of firms. Return on assets and return on equity was modeled as the function of debt equity ratio, debt ratio, equity ratio, total liability ratio and long term debt ratio. Multiple regressions with the aid of statistical package for social sciences were used as data analysis techniques. Model one found that a correlation coefficient (r) of .872 this implies that a very strong correlation exists between return on assets and explanatory variables. The coefficient of determination (r²) is .678 which shows that 67.8% of the variation in Return on Assets is attributable to the variations in the financial leverage. Also, the F- value calculated of 8.338 has a correlation corresponding value of .004 which implies a good model utility. The test of significance conducted as shown in the tables above states that ROA has a calculated value of 242.032 and a corresponding significance value/probability value of .014. The positive sign of t-value (1.653) shows the direction of the variables. This therefore implies that when a financial leverage is well used, this leads to a better, reliable and fairer financial result that is objective and represent the true state of affairs in the food and beverage companies proportionately. Model two found that a correlation coefficient (r) of .772 this implies that a very strong correlation exists between return on assets and explanatory variables. The coefficient of determination (r²) is .639 which shows that 63.9% of the variation in return on equity is attributable to the variations in the financial leverage. Also, the F- value calculated of 7.644 has a correlation corresponding value of .004 which implies a good model utility. The test of significance conducted as shown in the tables above states that ROE has a calculated value of 568.906 and a corresponding significance value/probability value of .003. The positive sign of t-value (3.310) shows the direction of the variables. This therefore implies that when a financial leverage is well used, this leads to a better, reliable and fairer financial result that is objective and represent the true state of affairs in the food and beverage companies proportionately. We recommend that management of the firms should work very hard to optimize the capital structure in order to increase the returns on equity and assets and that Management of Nigerian firms should increase their commitments into capital structure in order to improve earnings from their business transaction.
Debt Financing, Corporate Finance Performance, financial leverage, return on assets, return on equity, Nigeria Quoted Firms.
Asset Quality and Deposit Money Banks Performance in Nigeria
This study investigate the relationship between asset quality and deposit money banks performance in Nigeria over a period of 30 years ranging from 1986 to 2016, utilizing time series data collected from the Nigeria deposit insurance corporation annual reports and accounts, CBN financial stability report and CBN statistically bulletin for various years. The variables of study includes return on asset (ROA) proxy for Deposit Money Bank performance in Nigeria, ratio of non-performing loan to total loan (NPL), ratio of liquid assets to total assets (LAT) and ratio of liquid assets to short term liabilities (LAS) as measures of asset quality. The study utilizes both the descriptive and econometric techniques to analyze the time series data. The result shows that there is a short run relationship between asset quality and deposit money bank performance in Nigeria. Also, the co-integration result reveals the presence of a long run relationship between asset quality and deposit money bank performance in Nigeria while the granger causality result shows evidence of causality between asset quality and deposit money bank performance in Nigeria. Based on this we conclude by saying that maintaining sound assets quality position is critical to the long term performance, survival and sustainability of DMBs in Nigeria.
Asset Quality, Deposit Money Banks Return on Assets, Liquid Assets to Short Term Liabilities
Copyright (c) 2019 Mbatabbey Joy Ogboru https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Macroeconomic Variables and Private Investment: A Two Dimensional Study from Nigeria Economy
The study investigated the impact of macroeconomic variables on private investment in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2016. To achieve these objectives, the study tests for the study modeled private equity and private real investment as the function exchange rate, financial sector development, and interest rate, openness of the economy, real gross domestic product, inflation rate and broad money supply. Ordinary least square method of data analysis was used. From model one, the study found that real gross domestic product have positive but insignificant effect, openness of the economy have positive and insignificant effect, interest rate have positive and significant effect, financial deepening have positive and insignificant effect while interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate have negative effect on private real investment. The coefficient of determination (R2) proved that the independent variables can explain 62 percent variation on private real investment; the f- statistics found that the model is significant while the Durbin Watson statistics proved the presence of serial autocorrelation. The effect of macroeconomic variables on private equity investment was presented in model two. The study found that openness of the economy; real gross domestic products, broad money supply, and interest rate have negative and insignificant effect on private equity investment except openness of the economy with significant effect. Inflation rate, financial sector deepening and exchange rate have positive and insignificant effect on private equity investment except financial deepening with significant effect. The R2 proved that the independent variables can predict 66.9 percent variation on private equity investment. The f- statistics found that the model is significant while the Durbin Watson statistics proved the presence of serial autocorrelation. We conclude that macroeconomic variable have significant effect on private investment in Nigeria. We recommend that interest rate must be able to encourage higher private investment by increasing the real interstate on private savings or household savings so that larger amount of income would be saved to accumulate more capital and hence private investment. Policies should be formulated by investors and government to discourage factors that affect negatively private investment.
Macroeconomic Variables, Private Investment, Nigeria Economy, Interest Rate, Money Supply.
Copyright (c) 2019 Fortune Bella Charles , Charles Ugochukwu Okoro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systemic Risk and Dynamics of Stock Prices: A Short and Long Run Analysis from Nigeria Capital Market
This study examined the effect of systemic risk on the dynamics of stock prices in Nigeria capital market. The objective was to investigate the dynamic effect of systemic risk on stock prices traded on the floor of Nigeria stock exchange. Time series data was sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from 1990-2017. Stock prices were modeled as the function of prices risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk and exchange rate risk. Multiple regression with ordinary least square properties of co-integration was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. The study found price and liquidity risk have positive effect on stock price while interest rate and exchange rate risk have negative effect on stock prices of equities traded on Nigeria stock exchange. It concludes that systemic risk has significant effect on stock prices and recommends, among others, that the management of the capital market should ensure that the operating environment is risk minimum to ensure appreciable stock prices by developing strategies and policies aim at managing the systematic risk in the operating environment and engage a regular environmental impact assessment on systemic risk, to avert it’s negative effect on stock prices.
Systemic Risk, Stock Prices, Short and Long Run, Nigeria, Capital Market
Analyzing the Performance of Mega Construction Projects in Oman: A Study of Selected Projects from Oil & Gas Sector
This study investigates Omani O&G project’s performance and analyzes the most common time and cost overrun causes. In addition, the effects of delays are examined further along with the key enablers for efficient project delivery. This study adopts a mix method of research to improve the level of credibility of the study. A sample of 160 respondents is employed following both quantitative and qualitative method where a well-structured questionnaire was used for interviews with the concerned personnel. Following the quantitative method, this study revealed that 8% of the respondents, says the projects have completed ON time where the response rate was 80%. Besides, the qualitative part backed up this data as most of them have experienced delay of 3 months to 2 years of delay. For cost, 3% of the respondents have experienced projects finishing ON budget and the interviewees have expressed that the average cost overrun is between 10%-30%. In terms of time overrun group factors, the top group time-overrun factors among all the three parties are management factors, where it is ranked first by all stakeholders. The sub-group factor that affects more is the project planning and control. Poor understanding of scope of work during tendering factor is ranked first with main contractor and second with both the client and engineering firms. This factor is most factors that has similar ranking between all. As matter of fact is the only factor that exists between in the top 10 among all stakeholders. This study claimed that understanding the scope of work of the project properly and giving its time to be grasped by the contractors is one of the key solutions to tackle the top factor of this research. Also, the SOW must be detailed as possible to avoid any conflict between the parties, one of the recommended details to have WBS included.
Mega Construction Projects, Oil & Gas Sector, Delay, Management Factors, Overrun Group Factors, Oman.
Copyright (c) 2020 Ahmed Salim Al Saeedi , Asif Mahbub Karim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Job Insecurity in Private Education Sector Considering COVID-19 Pandemic: Bangladesh Panorama
Job insecurity is one of the vexed questions here in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Private sector employees are agonizing mostly due to this problem. In the midst of July within three months of the crisis, about 13 percent of people have become unemployed in the country due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The educational institutions are closed in Bangladesh from 17 March 2020 due to this crisis. So the private education sector job holders are in a precarious situation in terms of their job security. In this study, we investigate the vacillation of job security for private education employees. For this purpose, we questioned 100 private education sector employees such as School, College and University to find out the actual scenarios. Most of the private educational institution depends on its own income from the student’s tuition fees; hence the trouble to manage it for the deadlock condition and their employees are also in a financial dilemma. Though some of them are started online programs in the true picture, they will suffer as the ballgame advancing. Bangladesh's government announces thirty thousand core incentives to face economic hazards. The particular employees in this stratum are benefited from trivial brink. Some lay off strategy can save both the victimized party.
Job Insecurity, Private Educational Sector, COVID-19, Unemployment.
Copyright (c) 2020 Md. Ali Imran, Ikbal Ahmed https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Alternative Dispute Resolution Dimensions on Employees’ Performance in Nigeria Work Organizations: A Theoretical Perspective
This research work focused on the effect of alternative dispute resolution dimensions on employees’ performance in Nigeria work organizations using a theoretical perspective. The information was sourced from text books, journal articles and internet materials. The study revealed that alternative dispute resolution dimensions or mechanisms such as mediation, arbitration, facilitation, conciliation, negotiation, collaboration, compromise, mini-trial, expert determination, good governance and communication has a positive and significant effect on employees’ performance in Nigeria work organizations. It also found that alternative dispute resolution has a significant influence on employees ‘performance in the workplace. And there is also a substantial correlation between alternative dispute resolution and employees’ performance in Nigeria work organizations. The study recommended that management as well as administrators should adopt ADR mechanisms/dimensions in resolving disputes or conflicts among parties in Nigeria work organizations in order to reduce cost, save time or avoid delay and being fast in reaching a consensus agreement as well as compromise.
Alternative Dispute Resolution, Work Organizations, Disputes, Employees’ Performance, Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2021 Augustine Augustine Ele, Anono Vitien Auquasama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0